Good evening guys. There are many kind of people in this freak world, but weird people are special... Here is a brief history of the Internet and the World Wide Web.

During the Cold War the United States military and its tanks were faced with a problem. The threat of nuclear attack loomed in the minds of military strategists: specially, any centralized "control center" would be a prime target in a nuclear attack. This problem gave birth to the idea of a decentralized "network" with redundant connections. The research sponsored for many years by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), a government agency affiliated with the Department of Defense. When a few computers (e.g., one at UCLA and another at the Stanford Research Institute---SRI) were connected in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the precursor of the Internet, the ARPAnet, was born.   

By design, the system was intended to be redundant; that is, it would have many paths of delivering data so that if one part of the network was disabled, other paths could be found automatically. In this decentralized environment, the network grew from a handful of U.S universities to practically all universities in the United States and many overseas, in addition to many research institutes and some companies, usually defense-oriented companies with some affiliation with DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as ARPA became known). At one point, the National Science Foundation took over responsibility for providing the backbone (high-speed trunk line) services. As the number of commercial users grew from year to year and it became clear that users willing to pay such services, private communications companies stepped into the void and began providing their own high-speed lines, the use of which they rented or sold to companies wanting access.

Most of the traffic in the early days of the Internet, as the network eventually became known, was generated by just four applications. The most widely used service was electronic mail, or e-mail. In addition to e-mail, discussion lists/newsgroup became popular. Users posting messages to a newsgroup or a discussion list had their messages copied to all other subcribers of the list. Another popular application was file transfer protocol (ftp). Finally, a highly useful application was telnet or remote login capability. These four applications were popular enough to drive the growth of the Internet for many years. The problem in the early days was that to find information on the Internet, a user had to specify the address of the computer on which the information resided. This made finding information on different computers tedious and limited to those with computer science skills.  

Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, the particle physics laboratory near Genewa, Switzerland, would change all of that. The scientists who worked at CERN came from all over the world and had immense problems exchanging incompatible documents and e-mail messages from their own proprieraty systems. Berners-Lee revived an earlier idea of his from 1980 that was a precursor to a hypertext storage and retrieval system. He proposed that CERN's scientists could combine their knowledge by linking their documents contextually. He developed a language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that he could use not only to create links to different computers but also to display graphics associated with some files. To the user, such links, or hypertext, are highlighted; all the user needs to do to gain access to the information associated with the link is to click on it. These hypertext links and the associated information stored on the Internet nodes became known as the World Wide Web. CERN made the source code for the first WWW browser and the server freely available, which spurred growth in their development as programmers from all over the world began contributing to the infrastructure of the WWW.

Thats all guys. Have a nice day & please leave your comments.

Good evening guys. I realized  I am weird by nature. I only realized this at the age of 16, when people start to remark that I was weird in character. I called myself as weird guy. Welcome to the WEIRD'S WORLD!!!

Here some information about 'Ping of Death'. This information is from secretive source that I have read. Essentially, it is possible to crash, reboot or otherwise kill a large number of systems by sending a ping of certain size from remote machine. This is a serious problem, mainly because this can be reproduced very easily, and from a remote machine. The attacker needs to know nothing about the machine other than its IP address. 

It's very easy to exploit - basically, some systems don't like being pinged with a packet greater than 65536 bytes (as opposed to the default 64 bytes). 

An IP datagram of 65536 bytes is very illegal, but possible to create owing to the way the packet is fragmented (broken into chunks for transmission). When the fragments are reassembled at the other end into a complete packet, it overflows the buffer on some systems, causing on some systems, causing a reboot, panic or hang, but sometimes even having no effect at all.

Most implementations of ping won't allow an invalid datagram like this to be sent. Among the exceptions are Windows '95 and NT, although they are certainly not the only ones...

IP packets as per RFC-791 can be up to 65, 535 (2^16-1) octets long, which includes the header length. Typically 20 octets if no IP options are specified. An ICMP ECHO request "lives" inside the IP packet, consisting of eight octets of ICMP header information (RFC-792) followed by the number of data octets in the ping "request". Hence the maximum allowable size of the data area is 65536-20-8=65507 octets. Note that it is possible to send an illegal echo packet with more than 65507 octets of data due to the way the fragmentation is performed. The fragmentation relies on an offset value in each fragment to determine where the individual fragment goes upon reassembly. Thus on the last fragment, it is possible to combine a valid offset with a suitable fragment size such that (offset + size) > 65535.

Since typical machines don't process the packet until they have all fragments and have tried to reassemble it, there is the possibility for overflow of 16 bit internal variables, which can lead to system crashes, reboots, kernel dumps and the like. The problem can be exploited by anything that sends an IP datagram - probably the most fundemental building block of the net. Not only ICMP echo, but TCP, UDP and (apparently) even new style IPX can be used to hit machines where it hurts. This bug is extremely easy to exploit. Users are already trying it out  "just to see if it works"!

Have a nice day!!!